[Nutritional behaviors pattern of high school girls in north of Tehran]

Healthy eating in adolescent girls has a crucial role in normal growth and reducing the incidence of chronic disease related to nutrition in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine high school girl's eating behaviors in north of Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, 722 female students who were selected randomly from public high schools in four districts of Tehran participated. Demographic variables and nutritional status were evaluated using systematic interviews with them by health professionals. Anthropometric parameters were also assessed. Most girls [42.4%] had a normal BMI. The mean [SD] of daily consumption of fruits, vegetables and dairy products were 2 [1.1], 1.8 [1], 1.9 [1.07] servings, respectively. The mean [SD] of weekly intake of red meat, poultry, fish, eggs and beans were 3.08 [2], 3.15 [2.9], 0.95 [0.9], 2.6 [2.9] and 2.2 [1.2] times, respectively. The mean [SD] frequency of eating breakfast was 4.9 [2.6] times per week. 16.9% of girls never consumed fast foods. Girls who do not consume salty snacks and fast foods per week, had significantly normal BMI [p<0.05]. Low-fat milk consumption, daily consumption breakfast and non consumption of fruits were significantly associated with social status [p<0.05]. Do not eating breakfast had significant association with BMI [p<0.05]. The consumption of major food groups in this study was lower than the recommended amounts. Further research is needed to determine enabling and reinforcing factors to healthy eating behaviors. Also, improvement attitudes and empowerment of adolescent girls to adopt healthy eating behaviors can be effective

[ intersectoral collaboration document for cancer risk factors reduction: method and stakeholder analysis]

Cancers are one of the most important public health issues and the third leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases and injuries in Iran. The most common cancers reported in the recent years have been included skin, stomach, breast, colon, bladder, leukemia, and esophagus respectively. Control of cancer as one of the three main health system priorities of Iran, needs a specific roadmap and clear task definition for involved organizations. This study provides stakeholder analysis include determining the roles of Ministry of Health and Medical Education as the custodian of the national health and the duties of other beneficiary organizations to reduce the risk of cancer for cooperation with a scientific approach and systematic methodology. This health system research project was performed by participation of Social Determinants of Health Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Office of the Non-Communicable Diseases of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and other stakeholders in 2013. At first, the strategic committee was established and the stakeholders were identified and analyzed. Then the quantitative data were collected by searching in national database concern incidence, prevalence, and burden of all types of cancers. At the last with the qualitative approach, a systematic review of the studies, documents and reports was conducted as well as conversing for the national strategic plans of Iran and other countries and the experts' views regarding management of the cancer risk factors. In practice, role and responsibilities of each stakeholder were practically analyzed. Then the risk factors identified and the effective evidence-based interventions were determined for each cancer and finally the role of the Ministry of Health were set as the responsible or co-worker and also the role of the other organizations separately clarified in each case

[Comparison of nutritional behaviors and body mass index in patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases]

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver Disease [NAFLD] and its complications in adults are increasing. Nutritional habits and its consequent obesity are major risk factors for developing the disease. The aim of this study was comparing nutritional habits and body mass index in two groups of participants with and without NAFLD. This case control study was performed with participation of 170 people aged 20-55, who referred to the department of sonography in the Taleghani teaching hospital of Tehran. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data collected by interview with the individuals. Socio-demographic characteristics, reason for referring, and nutritional habits were determined. Anthropometric measurements and liver ultrasound were also performed. Data were analyzed by using t-test for comparing the means between 2 groups and chi-square test for determining the relationship between the variables. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. The group with the disease significantly consumed more high-fat dairy products than the group without the disease [42% vs. 23%] [P=0.013]. The mean [SD] for weekly consumption of fruits in the group with the disease was significantly higher than that in the group without the disease 11.6[6.7] vs. 8.2[5.5] unit [P=0.001]. The mean [SD] for BMI of the group with the disease was higher than that of the group without the disease 32.8[6.6] vs. 24.4[3] respectively [P<0.001]. Unexpectedly, the mean [SD] for weekly consumption of fast foods in the group without fatty liver with 0.8[0.9] was two times more than that in the affected group with 0.4[0.8] [P=0.012]. The prevalence of obesity and some unhealthy eating habits in patients with NAFLD and those at risk, requires designing and implementing educational interventions for increasing individuals' awareness and improving their attitude towards healthy eating behaviors

[Attachment to God and forgiveness among Iranian adolescents with conduct disorder at Tehran reformatory]

Conduct disorder is characterized with aggressive behaviors, deceitfulness or theft, destruction of property and serious violations of rules, prior to age 18 years. Attachment to God is a relationship with God that reveals aspects of individual thought. Secure attachment is associated with an increased ability to forgive. Various studies indicated the association between insecure attachment and delinquency and criminal behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attachment to God and forgiveness in adolescents with conduct disorder at Tehran reformatory. This study is a cross-sectional study. The attachment to God and Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Scale--12-Item Form [TRIM-12], were completed by 60 adolescents between 14 -18 years old with conduct disorder, with or without substance abuse disorders, and ADHD, at Tehran reformatory. Descriptive statistics and linear regression methods was used to analyze the data in SPSS-16. The results showed that anxiety and avoidant attachments to God and avoidance and revenge motivations in adolescents with conduct disorder are high. A history of addiction, criminality, and mental disorders among family members predicted increasing avoidant attachment to God among this group of adolescents in the univariate model. Also, parental divorce and attention deficit-hyperactivity variables predicted increased revenge motivation in the univariate model, and unemployed father predicted avoidance motivation, in the multivariate model. There is a defect in the ability to forgive in adolescents with insecure attachment and conduct disorder, there are basic requirements for the design of interventions and spiritual treatment programs specifically for this group of adolescents

Research network of Tehran defined population: methodology and establishment

Background: We need a defined population for determining prevalence and incidence of diseases, as well as conducting interventional, cohort and longitudinal studies, calculating correct and timely public health indicators, assessing actual health needs of community, performing educational programs and interventions to promote healthy lifestyle, and enhancing quality of primary health services. The objective of this project was to determine a defined population which is representative of Tehran, the Capital of Iran. This article reports the methodology and establishment of the research network of Tehran defined population

Methods: This project started by selecting two urban health centers from each of the five district health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Inside each selected urban health center, one defined population research station was established. Two new centers have been added during 2013 and 2014. For the time being, the number of the covered population of the network has reached 40000 individuals. The most important criterion for the defined population has been to be representative of the population of Tehran. For this, we selected two urban health centers from 12 of 22 municipality districts and from each of the five different socioeconomic of Greater Tehran. Merely 80000 individuals in neighborhoods of each defined population research station were considered as control group of the project

Findings: Totally we selected 12 defined population research stations and their under-covered population developed a defined population which is representative of Tehran population

Conclusion: a population lab is ready now in metropolitan of Tehran

[Introduction of the research network of defined population affiliated by the social determinants of health research center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences: structure and start up methodology]

A defined population is needed to determine the potential needs of society, calculate the correct indicators in the suitable time and health care activities and to do the population based study. It is also needed to provide the required education for training, to perform the educational program and intervention in promoting healthy lifestyles. In addition, a defined population is required for screening and treatment, implementing the referral system and to determine the optimal service. The aim of this study is to introduce the structure and start-up methodology of the research network of a defined population, affiliated by the social determinants of health research center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The project started by choosing 10 health centers of 10 different areas in 2012. Two new centers have been added during years 2013 and 2014. Now the number of the covered population, by the network, has reached to 40000 people. The covered population is chosen based on the characters representing the total population of Tehran city

Cytogenetic risks and possible adverse health effects by narcotic substances dependent

Illicit drug abuse has crossed social, economic, and geographical borders, and remains one of the major health problems that modern society is facing worldwide. The role of multiple drug abuse as a basic for chromosome damage has been overlooked and it is important to determine its possible adverse health effects. This study aimed to compare the frequency of chromosomal damages between drug addicts and free drug controls. Cytogenetic study was obtained from 146 illicit drug-users and 200 free drug controls. Subjects were grouped into three categories depending on main drug of dependence. Cytogenetic studies on cultured lymphocytes showed an increase the frequency of chromosomal damages among addicts including opiate [5.89%], heroin [7.65%], and crystal [4.9%] when compared with drug free controls [1.45%]. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was breaks, gaps, marker, and acentric, respectively. Our findings are also important as they are among the first to suggest here, illicit drug addiction continue to be significant public health problems in Iran

Clients' satisfaction with primary health care in Muscat

To measure clients' satisfaction with primary health care in the capital of Oman, Muscat, and also to identify the factors affecting their satisfaction. Through a cross-sectional study in health centers, 400 participants during the period from November 2009 to February 2010 were interviewed about their satisfaction degree with the primary health care services and setting. Four urban primary health care clinics from Muscat were selected randomly. Six domains of satisfaction including accessibility to services, continuity of care, humaneness of staff, comprehensiveness of care, provision of health education, and effectiveness of services were calculated from selected variables. The mean score of each area were calculated and then divided by the number of items in each area. Finally satisfaction areas were ranked based on recent criteria. Mean age was 29.5 years [SD = 9.37] for male and 26.01 years [SD = 7.12] for female participants. All the areas were suitable and only continuity of care had negative score. The ranked areas of satisfaction were as humanness of staff, effectiveness of services, access to services, provision of health educational materials, comprehensiveness of care, continuity of care. Primary health care were accepted as a suitable strategy for providing health care among clients of urban health centers of Muscat. It can be recommended to other countries to use this as a choice for health care provision

[Research priority of cardiovascular research center of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences in 2009]

Allocation of limited resources to research proposals with high priority helps achievement of acceptable level of health. Therefore, priority setting in research centers is a necessary action. The objective of this study is to report the research priorities of the Cardiovascular Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2009. This study involved 48 faculty members and other stakeholders in 2009. There were five basic principles including stakeholders' participation and consensus, situation analysis, need assessment, defining research priority topics, and scoring the criteria. This is a modified version of the proposed model of "The Council on Health Research for Development [COHRED]. Twenty diseases were determined as research priorities of the cardiovascular research center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. These priorities included myocardial infarction, hypertension, unstable angina, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, heart failure, stable angina, metabolic syndrome, coronary bypass complications, pulmonary embolism, heart valve diseases, prevention of deep vein thrombosis, rheumatic fever, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death, Peripheral vascular disease, syncope, angioplasty and valvuloplasty, cardiovascular diseases: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, prevention, rehabilitation, socioeconomic factors, knowledge, attitude, and practice to risk factors and prevention. Providing researchers with a list of research priorities and commitment to it, conduct research topics toward priorities and consequently the most productivity is achieved from the limited resources

[ quality of life after first acute myocardial infarction]

Improvement in the management of patients who are afflicted with acute myocardial infarction [AMI] has resulted in the increase of their survival after heart attacks. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life [QOL] after first AMI among patients who referred to teaching hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 300 patients. The inclusion criteria were age between 32 to 79, first AMI, 6 to 30 months after AMI and consent for participation. These patients had been admitted in Shahid Modares, Loghmane Hakeem, Taleghanee and Shahid Labafeenejad hospitals, affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, for AMI and they had written medical records in these hospitals. The participants were enrolled in the study when they referred for routine follow-up visits at outpatient clinics. Data was collected by interviewing the patients. For measuring QOL, The Short Form Health Survey [SF-36] was used. The mean age of patients was 56.6 +/- 9.6 years from which 57.5% were men and 42.3% women. The mean scores of QOL in various aspects were 67.2 for physical function, 52.9 for role limitation due to physical health problems, 71.1 for bodily pain, 48 for general health, 52.6 for vitality, 71.3 for social function, 59.2 for role limitation due to emotional problems and 57.2 for mental health. In comparison with the general population, QOL in this study was reduced in all scales but the amount of reduction was not the same. With increasing age, QOL of patients decreased in all aspects. QOL in women after AMI, 9% to 23% more than men was reduced. The study showed that QOL of patients 6 to 30 months after the first AMI. The QOL decreased in physical scales more than mental and emotional scales. Decrease in QOL was related to increasing age and in women was more than men

Penile revascularization for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effectiveness and complications

Patients with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction [ED] caused by traumatic localized arterial lesions can be treated successfully by penile revascularization [PR] surgery. We aimed to determine the subjective and objective outcomes of PR surgery in patients with arteriogenic ED. We searched for relevant publications released up to May 2008 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Biological Abstracts. The citation lists of review articles and included trials were also searched. Studies on different operative techniques of PR for men with ED due to traumatic penile arterial lesions were selected. Data on participants' characteristics, study quality, population, intervention, cure, and adverse effects were collected and analyzed. There were 25 studies on comparison of the PR operative techniques. Concerning subjective cure, men younger than 30 years old had better results than older ones [odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 6.4; P=.001]. Venous leak [odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.6] and history of smoking [odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 5.6] influenced success rate. Inconsistent measurements of outcomes limited the findings, and none of the studies were randomized controlled trials. Traumatic patients with arteriogenic ED might benefit from PR. Patient selection is vital for a successful outcome. Variations in penile vascular anatomy are also likely to be important when individualizing penile revascularization. In a limited number of highly selected individuals, PR can be successful for the long-term. Randomized controlled trials examining PR techniques are warranted

Epidemiology of acute diarrheal diseases among children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran

Acute diarrhea is the fifth leading cause of death due to infectious diseases and responsible for 16.2% of the infectious disease burden in Iran. This study assessed the incidence and some determinants of acute diarrheal diseases in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Using cluster sampling, a population based survey was conducted among 2095 children aged 6 to 60 months in the southern districts of Tehran during May 2005. The incidence of acute diarrhea during the past 2 weeks, the duration and frequency of diarrhea, acute diarrhea in siblings and socioeconomic determinants were gathered by a questionnaire. Totally, 10.3% of children experienced new onset of diarrhea during the past two weeks with the average number of episodes of 2.8 per child. Half of the cases were 6-18 months of age [p<0.001]. The mean [ +/- standard deviation] duration of disease was 4.5 +/- 2.1 days and the frequency of diarrhea was 5.1 +/- 5 episodes per day. In 9.1% of the families, other cases of concurrent acute diarrhea were reported in siblings [OR=1.29, 95%CI:0.67-2.47]. The mean age of the mothers was 31 +/- 7.5 years. Less than 4% of the parents were illiterate. Childhood acute diarrhea remains a public health concern in Tehran. Improving the environmental sanitation and personal hygiene and raising the socioeconomic status of the population will contribute to the elimination of the underlying causes of acute diarrhea

Research priority setting of Shaheed Beheshti medical university and tropical medicine research center in 2007

It is obvious that because of the lack of resources, we should devote our limited resources to priorities in order to reach an acceptable level of health. The objective of this study was research priority setting of infectious diseases using COHRED [Council on Health Research for Development] model. First of all, the stakeholders were identified and the situation of the field of infectious diseases was analyzed. Then, research areas and titles were specified using announcement, infectious diseases sources, [International Classification of Diseases 10] ICD10 and consensual qualitative techniques including brainstorming sessions, focal group discussion and Delphi. Finally, research priorities were specified by giving scores according to the criteria. Twenty-five research areas were obtained as priorities of infectious diseases and tropical medicine. These areas are HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, drugs, infections in special hosts, avian flu, nosocomial infections, infections due to needle stick injury, malaria, viral hepatitis, viral hemorrhagic fevers, surgical- and burn- related infections, fever, central nervous system infections, effectiveness of vaccination, bloodstream infections, influenza, lower respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections due to Entamoeba histolytica, bone and joint infections due to brucella, bioterrorism, brucellosis, hydatidosis, anthrax, botulism, and the role of migrants in the distribution of infectious diseases in Iran. Three subheadings including treatment, prevention and control and diagnosis methods got the most priorities, respectively. Although about half of the priorities are related to two subheadings including treatment and diagnosis methods, research priorities of prevention and control methods [22% of all priorities] indicate the importance of prevention for clinicians who gave scores to the titles

Effect of misoprostol on acute phase of viral hepatitis B in Iran

Most therapeutic interventions in acute phase of viral hepatitis B patients are conservative. Prostaglandins have absorbed many scientists' attention for improving these patients condition, therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate misoprostol [PGE1 Analogue] effect on acute phase of viral hepatitis B. A randomized matched controlled clinical trial was performed on two equal groups each included fifteen male acute phase hepatitis B patients who were anti HBC IgM and HBs Ag positive, hepatitis C negative and their total bilirubin level was more than 10 mg/dl. The experimental group received 800 micro g misoprostole [200 micro g x 4 times a day] while the control group received placebo for 14 days. Their bilirubin and serum transaminases concentrations as well as PT and PTT were checked before and after the therapy and compared by chi square and tstudent tests using SPSS software. At the end of the treatment phase, serum bilirubin, SGPT and PTT were significantly lower in the experimental group. After three weeks follow up, only SGOT was not significantly lower in experimental group. At the end of the 4th and the 5th week after treatment initiation, serum bilirubin, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and PTT were significantly lower in experimental group. These results confirm that misoprostol improves hepatitis B patients' condition and reduces their serum bilirubin, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and PTT